However, this balance is expected to shift after the year 2020, where a tipping point could be reached, since the global CTO demand may exceed the global CTO supply for the first time. The analysis shows that since 2009 there is a steady rise in the global CTO supply, with a 16% increase in supply until 2018 compared to 2009 levels, with supply and demand in balance. The geographical scope covered the following five regions: (1) North America, (2) Europe, (3) Russian region and the common wealth of independent states (CIS) (4) South America (5) Rest of the World. Additionally, present day as well as upcoming CTO-based biofuel capacities were also collected. The methodology consisted of collecting and analysing primary data from currently operating as well as upcoming softwood kraft pulp mills, CTO fractionators and refiners. The overarching goal was to examine whether market distortions occur when CTO is diverted from its historical utilisation in the production of bio-chemicals to the production of biofuels. Hence, this study performed a methodological and structural analysis of the global CTO chain to assess the availability of the CTO (supply) and its demand in the respective end-use markets globally. He believes passion beats natural talent and loves cats.It is believed that several global policies incentivising the energetic utilisation of Crude Tall Oil (CTO) might have had an impact on the demand for CTO from its competing and emerging end-use application in biofuels in the recent years. He has five editorialships in leading journals like the ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management and the ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering. He has assumed many leadership roles he was Chair of ASCE Construction Research Council, Chair of ASCE Visualization, Information Modeling and Simulation Committee, and Board of Governor at ASCE Construction Institute among others. Revay Award, UM Henry Russel Award, CEEFA Faculty Award, Tom Waters Award, etc., and received ten best paper awards including the ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering best paper awards (twice: 20, respectively). Halpin Award for Scholarship in Construction, ASCE Thomas Fitch Rowland Prize, FIATECH Outstanding Early Career Researcher Award, CII Distinguished Professor Award, CSCE Stephan G. He has received numerous awards such as the ASCE Daniel W. He also worked as a consultant at CRA International.
Before he joined UM at 2010, he taught at MIT and the University of Alberta, Canada. Lee earned his PhD and MSc from MIT and BE from Dong-A University, Korea. Lee’s research interest centers around empathetic construction and infrastructure management to achieve max performance from technologies like wearables, robotics, and automation for human.
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